While not a perfect indication of a good book looking at the books that are shorlisted for, or win, the major
literary awards is not a bad place to start. The Pulitzer Prize, Booker Prize, Nobel Prize and the Giller Awards - A Canadian Literature prize is not a bad place to start. I'm Canadian so I'm aware of it - your country probably has a similar award for it's authors.
Here's some off the top of my head:
Life of Pi by Yann Martel. Won the Booker.
The Sea by John Banville. Also won the Booker.
Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro. Booker shortlisted.
Oryx and Crake by Margaret Atwood. Booker shortlisted.
Shalimar the Clown by Salomon Rushdie. Booker shortlisted.
Vernon God Little by DBC Peirre. Won the Booker.
Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides. Pulitzer winner.
It's not hard to find these books, use Wikipedia or Google to search what books were shortlisted and which won. Spend some time here reading posts of people you think appear to know what they're talking about. When they mention an author you haven't tried give that author a shot. That's how I found Paul Auster, who I like, and Martin Amis, who I don't like so much. Pick up a newspaper and read the Arts section where they mention new authors, not just the bestssellers. Look in the more intelligent magazines at the book reviews.
And lastly, why do the books you read have to be written so recently? There is
nothing wrong with reading the classics. In fact it's good for ya. Improves the palate.